Objectives

Sound and Waves:Please review other objectives previously covered below...

After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:

• 1. Determine the speed of sound in air at one atmosphere of pressure at different temperatures.
• 2. Distinguish between the following terms: pitch, frequency, wavelength, sound intensity, loudness.
• 3. Determine intensity level in decibels of a sound if the intensity of the sound is given in W/m².
• 4. Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a wind instrument open at both ends or closed at one end and calculate the frequencies produced by different harmonics of pipes of a given length.
• 5. Determine the beat frequency produced by two tuning forks of different frequencies.
• 6. Explain how an interference pattern can be produced by two sources of sound of the same wavelength separated by a distance d.
• 7. Solve problems involving two sources for m, d, λ, and the angular separation (θ) when the other quantities are given.
• 8. Solve for the frequency of the sound heard by a listener and the wavelength of the sound between a source and the listener when the frequency of the sound produced by the source and the velocity of both the source and the listener are given.
• 9. Explain how a shock wave can be produced and what is meant by the term "sonic boom."

 SHM===> Waves

After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:

• 1. State the conditions required to produce SHM.
• 2. Determine the period of motion of an object of mass m attached to a spring of force constant k.
• 3. Calculate the velocity, acceleration, potential, and kinetic energy at any point in the motion of an object undergoing SHM.
• 4. Write equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration as sinusoidal functions of time for an object undergoing SHM if the amplitude and angular velocity of the motion are known. Use these equations to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration at a particular moment of time.
• 5. Determine the period of a simple pendulum of length L.
• 6. State the conditions necessary for resonance. Give examples of instances where resonance is a) beneficial and b) destructive. Explain how damped harmonic motion can be achieved to prevent destructive resonance.
• 7. Distinguish between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave and give examples of each type of wave.
• 8. Calculate the speed of longitudinal waves through liquids and solids and the speed of transverse waves in ropes and strings.
• 9. Calculate the energy transmitted by a wave, the power of a wave and the intensity of a wave, across a unit area A.
• 10. Describe wave reflection from a barrier, refraction as the wave travels from one medium into another, constructive and destructive interference as waves overlap, and diffraction of waves as they pass around an obstacle.
• 11. Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a string or rope and calculate the harmonic frequencies needed to produce standing waves in string instruments.
• Wave on a String 2.03